Thursday, July 30, 2015
Monday, July 27, 2015
Adolf Hitler Biography
Early
Years
Dictator Adolf Hitler was born in
Branau am Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889, and was the fourth of six children
born to Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. When Hitler was 3 years old, the family
moved from Austria to Germany. As a child, Hitler clashed frequently with his
father. Following the death of his younger brother, Edmund, in 1900, he became
detached and introverted. His father did not approve of his interest in fine
art rather than business. In addition to art, Hitler showed an early interest
in German nationalism, rejecting the authority of Austria-Hungary. This
nationalism would become the motivating force of Hitler's life.
Alois died suddenly in 1903. Two
years later, Adolf's mother allowed her son to drop out of school. He moved to
Vienna and worked as a casual laborer and a watercolor painter. Hitler applied
to the Academy of Fine Arts twice, and was rejected both times. Out of money,
he moved into a homeless shelter, where he remained for several years. Hitler
later pointed to these years as the time when he first cultivated his
anti-Semitism, though there is some debate about this account.
At the outbreak of World War I,
Hitler applied to serve in the German army. He was accepted in August 1914,
though he was still an Austrian citizen. Although he spent much of his time
away from the front lines, Hitler was present at a number of significant battles
and was wounded at the Somme. He was decorated for bravery, receiving the Iron
Cross First Class and the Black Wound Badge.
Hitler became embittered over the
collapse of the war effort. The experience reinforced his passionate German
patriotism, and he was shocked by Germany's surrender in 1918. Like other
German nationalists, he believed that the German army had been betrayed by
civilian leaders and Marxists. He found the Treaty of Versailles degrading,
particularly the demilitarization of the Rhineland and the stipulation that
Germany accept responsibility for starting the war.
After World War I, Hitler returned
to Munich and continued to work for the military as an intelligence officer.
While monitoring the activities of the German Workers’ Party (DAP), Hitler
adopted many of the anti-Semitic, nationalist and anti-Marxist ideas of DAP
founder Anton Drexler. Drexler invited Hitler to join the DAP, which he did in
1919.
To increase its appeal, the DAP
changed its name to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
(NSDAP). Hitler personally designed the party banner, featuring a swastika in a
white circle on a red background. Hitler soon gained notoriety for his
vitriolic speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians,
Marxists and Jews. In 1921, Hitler replaced Drexler as NSDAP party chairman.
Hitler's vitriolic beer-hall
speeches began attracting regular audiences. Early followers included army
captain Ernst Rohm, the head of the Nazi paramilitary organization, the
Sturmabteilung (SA), which protected meetings and frequently attacked political
opponents.
On November 8, 1923, Hitler and the
SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people at a large beer hall in Munich.
Hitler announced that the national revolution had begun and declared the
formation of a new government. After a short struggle including 20 deaths, the
coup, known as the "Beer Hall Putsch," failed.
Hitler was arrested three days later
and tried for high treason. He served a year in prison, during which time he
dictated most of the first volume of Mein Kampf ("My
Struggle") to his deputy, Rudolf Hess. The book laid out Hitler's plans
for transforming German society into one based on race.
Rise to Power
The Great Depression in Germany provided a political opportunity for Hitler. Germans were ambivalent to the parliamentary republic and increasingly open to extremist options. In 1932, Hitler ran against Paul von Hindenburg for the presidency. Hitler came in second in both rounds of the election, garnering more than 35 percent of the vote in the final election. The election established Hitler as a strong force in German politics. Hindenburg reluctantly agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor in order to promote political balance.Hitler used his position as chancellor to form a de facto legal dictatorship. The Reichstag Fire Decree, announced after a suspicious fire at the Reichstag, suspended basic rights and allowed detention without trial. Hitler also engineered the passage of the Enabling Act, which gave his cabinet full legislative powers for a period of four years and allowed deviations from the constitution.
Having achieved full control over the legislative and executive branches of government, Hitler and his political allies embarked on a systematic suppression of the remaining political opposition. By the end of June, the other parties had been intimidated into disbanding. On July 14, 1933, Hitler's Nazi Party was declared the only legal political party in Germany.
Military opposition was also punished. The demands of the SA for more political and military power led to the Night of the Long Knives, which took place from June 30 to July 2, 1934. Ernst Röhm and other SA leaders, along with a number of Hitler's political enemies, were rounded up and shot.
The day before Hindenburg's death in August 1934, the cabinet had enacted a law abolishing the office of president and combining its powers with those of the chancellor. Hitler thus became head of state as well as head of government, and was formally named as leader and chancellor. As head of state, Hitler became supreme commander of the armed forces. He began to mobilize for war. Germany withdrew from the League of Nations, and Hitler announced a massive expansion of Germany’s armed forces.
The Nazi regime also included social reform measures. Hitler promoted anti-smoking campaigns across the country. These campaigns stemmed from Hitler's self-imposed dietary restrictions, which included abstinence from alcohol and meat. At dinners, Hitler sometimes told graphic stories about the slaughter of animals in an effort to shame his fellow diners. He encouraged all Germans to keep their bodies pure of any intoxicating or unclean substance.
A main Nazi concept was the notion of racial hygiene. New laws banned marriage between non-Jewish and Jewish Germans, and deprived "non-Aryans" of the benefits of German citizenship. Hitler's early eugenic policies targeted children with physical and developmental disabilities, and later authorized a euthanasia program for disabled adults.
The Holocaust was also conducted under the auspices of racial hygiene. Between 1939 and 1945, Nazis and their collaborators were responsible for the deaths of 11 million to 14 million people, including about 6 million Jews, representing two-thirds of the Jewish population in Europe. Deaths took place in concentration and extermination camps and through mass executions. Other persecuted groups included Poles, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses and trade unionists, among others. Hitler probably never visited the concentration camps and did not speak publicly about the killings.
World War II
In 1938, Hitler, along with several other European leaders, signed the Munich Agreement. The treaty ceded the Sudetenland districts to Germany, reversing part of the Versailles Treaty. As a result of the summit, Hitler was named Time magazine's Man of the Year for 1938. This diplomatic win only whetted his appetite for a renewed German dominance. On September 1, Germany invaded Poland. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany.Hitler escalated his activities in 1940, invading Scandinavia as well as France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium. Hitler ordered bombing raids on the United Kingdom, with the goal of invasion. Germany’s formal alliance with Japan and Italy, known collectively as the Axis powers, was signed to deter the United States from supporting and protecting the British.
On June 22, 1941, Hitler violated a non-aggression pact with Joseph Stalin, sending 3 million German troops into the Soviet Union. The invading force seized a huge area before the German advance was stopped outside Moscow in December 1941.
On December 7, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Hitler was now at war against a coalition that included the world's largest empire (Britain), the world's greatest financial power (the U.S.) and the world's largest army (the Soviet Union).
Facing these odds, Hitler's military judgment became increasingly erratic. Germany's military and economic position deteriorated along with Hitler's health. Germany and the Axis could not sustain Hitler's aggressive and expansive war. In late 1942, German forces failed to seize the Suez Canal. The German army also suffered defeats at the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk. On June 6, 1944, the Western Allied armies landed in northern France. As a result of these significant setbacks, many German officers concluded that defeat was inevitable and that Hitler's denial would result in the destruction of the country.
Death and Legacy
By early 1945, Hitler realized that Germany was going to lose the war. The Soviets had driven the German army back into Western Europe, and the Allies were advancing into Germany. On April 29, 1945, Hitler married his girlfriend, Eva Braun, in a small civil ceremony in his Berlin bunker. Around this time, Hitler was informed of the assassination of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Afraid of falling into the hands of enemy troops, Hitler and Braun committed suicide the day after their wedding, on April 30, 1945. Their bodies were carried to the bombed-out garden behind the Reich Chancellery, where they were burned. Berlin fell on May 2, 1945. Five days later, on May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allies.Hitler's political program had brought about a world war, leaving behind a devastated and impoverished Eastern and Central Europe, including Germany. His policies inflicted human suffering on an unprecedented scale and resulted in the death of an estimated 40 million people, including about 27 million in the Soviet Union. Hitler's defeat marked the end of a phase of European history dominated by Germany, and the defeat of fascism. A new ideological global conflict, the Cold War, emerged in the aftermath of World War II.
Saturday, July 25, 2015
MARY MWANJELWA ATETEA KITI CHA UBUNGE VITI MAALUMU MKOA WA MBEYA
ALIYEKUWA Mbunge wa Viti maalum Mkoa wa Mbeya, Dk.
Mary Mwanjelwa amefanikiwa kutetea kiti chake baada ya kuwabwaga wapinzani wake
10 kwa kujinyakulia kura 505 kati ya 623 sawa na asilimia 97.
Nafasi ya pili imechukuliwa na Mary Mbwilo aliyejinyakulia Kura 192 akifuatiwa na Hilda Ngoye(164),Priscila Mbwiga(135), Maryprisca Mahundi(120), Shiza Mwakatundu(42), Suma Fyandomo(35), Rhoda Mwamunyange(21),Tusubilege Jengela(19),Joyce Mwang’onda (11) na Neema Kasambala(5).
Kwa mujibu ya matokeo hayo yaliyotangazwa mbele ya mgeni rasmi ambaye alimwakilisha Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Mbeya Abbas Kandoro, Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Mbeya Nyerembe Munasa na Katibu wa Chama cha mapinduzi Mkoa wa Mbeya Alhaji Mwangi Kudya jumla ya wajumbe waliopiga kura walikuwa 625 ambapo kura mbili ziliharibika na kura halali 623.
Mbali na kuchagua wabunge wawili wa viti maalumu Mkoa wa Mbeya ambao ni Dk. Mary Mwanjelwa na Mary Mbwilo wajumbe wa Mkutano huo wa UWT pia iliwapitisha wagombea wawili waliopita bila kupingwa katika nafasi za wabunge wa viti maalum kuwakilisha walemavu na kutoka katika asasi zisizokuwa za kiserikali.
Wabunge hao ni Devotha Mtonyole anayewakilisha Mashirika binafsi kutoka Mkoa wa Mbeya na Lupi Mwaswanya anayewakilisha kundi la wanawake wenye ulemavu ambao hawakuwa na wapinzani katika uchaguzi huo hivyo wajumbe kuwapitisha kwa kauli moja bila kuwapigia kura za ndiyo au hapana.
Kwa upande wake Dk. Mary Mwanjelwa aliwashukuru wapiga kura kwa imani yao kwake ambapo aliwaahidi kutowaangusha katika kipindi cha miaka mitano atakapokuwa Mbunge akiwawakilisha Wanawake wa Mkoa wa Mbeya.
Nafasi ya pili imechukuliwa na Mary Mbwilo aliyejinyakulia Kura 192 akifuatiwa na Hilda Ngoye(164),Priscila Mbwiga(135), Maryprisca Mahundi(120), Shiza Mwakatundu(42), Suma Fyandomo(35), Rhoda Mwamunyange(21),Tusubilege Jengela(19),Joyce Mwang’onda (11) na Neema Kasambala(5).
Kwa mujibu ya matokeo hayo yaliyotangazwa mbele ya mgeni rasmi ambaye alimwakilisha Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Mbeya Abbas Kandoro, Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Mbeya Nyerembe Munasa na Katibu wa Chama cha mapinduzi Mkoa wa Mbeya Alhaji Mwangi Kudya jumla ya wajumbe waliopiga kura walikuwa 625 ambapo kura mbili ziliharibika na kura halali 623.
Mbali na kuchagua wabunge wawili wa viti maalumu Mkoa wa Mbeya ambao ni Dk. Mary Mwanjelwa na Mary Mbwilo wajumbe wa Mkutano huo wa UWT pia iliwapitisha wagombea wawili waliopita bila kupingwa katika nafasi za wabunge wa viti maalum kuwakilisha walemavu na kutoka katika asasi zisizokuwa za kiserikali.
Wabunge hao ni Devotha Mtonyole anayewakilisha Mashirika binafsi kutoka Mkoa wa Mbeya na Lupi Mwaswanya anayewakilisha kundi la wanawake wenye ulemavu ambao hawakuwa na wapinzani katika uchaguzi huo hivyo wajumbe kuwapitisha kwa kauli moja bila kuwapigia kura za ndiyo au hapana.
Kwa upande wake Dk. Mary Mwanjelwa aliwashukuru wapiga kura kwa imani yao kwake ambapo aliwaahidi kutowaangusha katika kipindi cha miaka mitano atakapokuwa Mbunge akiwawakilisha Wanawake wa Mkoa wa Mbeya.
Thursday, July 23, 2015
MWANAHABARI FRANK KIBIKI AAHIDI KUPANDISHA LIPULI YA IRINGA LIGI KUU.
MGOMBEA anaewania nafasi ya
kugombea ubunge wa Iringa mjini kwa tiketi ya CCM, Mwanahabari Frank Kibiki
ameahidi kushirikiana na wadau wa soka kupandisha daraja timu ya soka ya Lipuli
ya mjini Iringa iwapo atapewa ridhaa ya kupeperusha bendera ya CCM katika uchaguzi
mkuu ujao.
Akizungumza wakati wa kampeni za
kujinadi zilizofanyika katika eneo la Kihesa kilolo, mjini Iringa Kibiki
alisema michezo ni fursa ambayo inaweza kuinua uchumi wa mkoa wa Iringa endapo
itapatiwa kipaumbele.
Alisema ikiwa atapewa ridhaa ya kuwa mbunge,
atakaa chini na wadau wa soka wa manispaa ya Iringa na kuweka mikakati
madhubuti ili kuhakikisha wananchi Lipuli inapanda daraja.
“Ndugu zangu, Lipuli ikipanda daraja uchumi wa
Iringa mjini utakuwa kwa sababu vijana watapata ajira kwa sababu kwenye uwanja
wetu wa samora, zitachezwa timu za kimataifa,” alisema Kibiki.
Aidha alisema kuwa ataimarisha timu
nyingine za mjini Iringa ili ziweze kupanda madaraja sambamba na kuinua sekta
ya sanaa hasa muziki.
Katika hatua nyingine, Kibiki
aliwashauri vijana kujiunga kwenye vikundi vya ujasiriamali na kutumia fursa
zilizopo kwenye maeneo yao ili waweze kujiajiri na hivyo kujikwamua na hali
ngumu ya maisha.
Kibiki alisema, umoja ni nguvu na
ikiwa vijana watajiunga kwenye vikundi hivyo vya kiujasiriamali itakuwa rahisi
kufanikiwa kiuchumi.
Alisema maeneo mengi ambayo vijana
wameungana wameweza kukopeshwa, na wanaendesha shughuli zao za kiuchumi bila
wasi wasi, jambo hilo linawezekana.
SUGU AWAGALAGAZA WENZIE CHADEMA MBEYA MJINI.
Wajumbe wa mkutano mkuuu Chadema Mbeya mjini
wakitoka nje kusubiri matokeo baada ya kupiga kura ya maoni ili kumpata
mgombea mmoja atakayekiwakilisha chama kwenye uchaguzi mkuu kwa nafasi ya
Ubunge Jimbo la Mbeya mjini.Wagombea walikuwa sita.Hapa ni katika ukumbi wa Nyerere uliopo katika Chuo kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia Mbeya(MUST).
Jumla wapiga kura walikuwa 455.Kura zilizoharibika
ni 5.Matokeo kamili yalikuwa hivi.
Joseph Mbilinyi(Sugu)- kura 356
Joyce Mashine- kura 43
Tito Mwanjala- kura 18
Lazaro Mwankemwa-kura 15
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